Unit+III

Expansion of Cotton, Slavery & Plantations in 19th Century America
Snip-it of a [|BBC Dimension] of the comparison of an average 19th century 1,000 acre Alabama slave plantation. This snip-it shows the actual size a southern plantation (the yellow outlined box) contrasted over the size of Malden. Malden is a very large city and this Plantation would take up at least half of the city's land. This size of a plantation was more of the larger plantations in which many ranged from either the smallest being 500 acres, which is less than one square mile. Malden itself 5.1 square miles, therefore a plantation this size would take up about 1.56 square miles. If there were all plantations this size in Malden, there would only be about five plantations in one city, because of how large the plantations actually were.

Maps on Page 296 & 297 The Map on pages 296 illistrate both cotton production growth and slave distrubution in 1820 and 1860. The two factors almost trippledin the south, where, in the upper part of the South there was almost no cotton production and slavery was much more condensed rather than in the South. In some of the Southern states such as Mississippi, the slavery production was more than twice it was compared from 1820 to 1860 - In 1820 there was a slave population of 32,000 slaves and then a huge leap in 1860 to 436,000 slaves. Slavery was expanding rapidly especially in the south, and they were moving southwest either with their masters who were moving out west or they were sold to masters (planters) who were already there. Also in the South, cotton production pretty much was spreading both east and west due to mainly the expansion of slavery.

SLAVERY IN 1820 VS. SLAVERY IN 1860




﻿Chapter 12 Preview - Antebellum Culture and Reform
-(Antebellum - Ante: Before Bellum: War - Before War, the Leading up to, In U.S History, almost always refers to the Civil War.) -Catherine Beecher founded Hartford Female Society. (1821) -William Lloyd Garrison, famous abolitionist, formed //the Liberator//, an abolitionist newspaper. (1831) -Horace Mann becames first secretary of MA Board of Education (1837) -Liberty party was formed (1840) -Supreme Court rules states do not have to enforce return of fugitive slaves (1842) -Frederick Douglass published autobiography (1845) -Salt Lake City founded by Mormons (1847) -Seneca Falls convention held in NY (1848) -//Uncle Tom's Cabin// published by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) -Transcendendentalist Movement (Knowledege and Expierence) -Utopia Movement

﻿The Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was a movement strongly pushed by women to reduce the intake of alcohol within the United States; MODERATING & CONTROLLING the intake of alcohol.
 * TEMPERANCE**: (n): The act of reducing the intake of something (specifically alcohol in this case)
 * __Difference Between Prohibition and Temperance__**: Prohibition was eliminating something fully, while temperance was just cutting down, or shortining the use of alcohol.


 * Each stage shows the consequences of someone who drinks as much alcohol as people did in the late 1840's.
 * The steps within this cartoon shows on one side (Steps 1-4) everything leading up to "A Confirmed Drunkard" then it goes downward to show the consequences and problems that arise after drinking so much.
 * Drinking in the late 1840's lead to unhappy lives and abused families.
 * Men in the 1840's drank three times as much as those in the 20th & 21st centuries.
 * Affects that lead to the Temperance Movement:
 * men spent money on alcohol instead of necessties for the family & men then abused their family, because of their large intake of alcohol
 * men were arriving to work drunk & productivity was as effective
 * men who were arriving drunk at work & worked with heavy machinery that increased the risk of getting hurt
 * immigrants who were arriving to the United States (Germans and Irish) were bringing their traditions of drinking with them and affected the citizens of the United States
 * **My Opinion:** Well, I think alcohol in the United States really has been a problem for a while now. Starting with the Temperance Movement, where is eliminated some of the intake of alcohol(not fully) in 1846, but then came the Prohibition Act in 1919, where they elimanted the sale of alcohol fully. Then it got eliminated! The government can't really make up their mind...then, the drinking age was raised to 21. I think lately, the problem with alcohol today, is not the intake of the alcohol, but the age in which people are drinking it.

Chapter 13 Maps
Theme: Westward Expansion
 * Page 340 - Expanding Settlement, 1810-1850**
 * This map illustrates the expansion of white settlement between the years of 1810-1850
 * Prodimanentley all territory on the east coast besides florida and parts of Maine, New York and Georgia, were all white settlements before 1810.
 * Between the years of 1810 and 1830, the white expansion lead more westward mostly due to the Louisiana Purchase
 * Page 345 - Western Trails in 1860**
 * Illustrates western expansion in North America & how little or no non-Indian Population was in 1800.
 * Shows the major trails that were created by settlers in the West that were exploring faming, and buisnesses
 * Trails were made by Mormons who wanted were making the voyage to Utah
 * Trails also ranged into Texas as well, as a result of the Mexian-American War
 * Oregon Trail was the longest trail - 2,000 miles
 * Page 347 - The Oregon Boundary, 1846**
 * Page 349 - The Mexican American War, 1846-1848**
 * Illustrates the major battles faught (and victories) in the war and the forces that were acting in them
 * Red: Mexico Blue: United States
 * Most of all the forces acting in this war were American coming from Fort Leavanworth, Texas and Monterey (Modern-day California) all the way down to Vera Cruz, Mexico, near Mexico City
 * There are little red arrows or battle signs on this map, showing that the American forces were much stronger and won a lot more battles than the Mexicans did.
 * Page 350 - Southwestern Expansion 1845-1853**
 * Illustrates the annexation of Texas in 1845, the territorial gains in 1848 won after the Mexican-American War and the additional land from Mexico in 1853 which is now the current day border of the United States
 * After the Mexican-American War, the U.S gained much of what is now California, Arizona, and New Mexico
 * Territory was Disputed in most of Modern-day Texas, Disputed from 1836-1848, and finally won over by the United States
 * Latest Purchase of Land was the Gadsen Purchase in 1853
 * Mexican Cession of 1848, GAVE AWAY land to the United States
 * Cession: To give away;
 * Page 354 - Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850**
 * Illustrates the percentage of slaves in total population
 * Green - Free States Yellow - Slave States
 * More free states compared to slave states, because most of them are territories (neither free or slave)
 * Compromsie was the first time of seeing POPULARSOVEREIGNTY for other new territories.
 * The people of a certain state are allowed to choose whether they are going to have slavery or not.
 * Nice Idea b/c it allows the people to decide; it's **democratic**; //Pure/Direct// democracy;
 * Negated the KS/MO line of not having slavery
 * FDIOFJDISFUISDO! South Carolina has 57.5% slaves of their population! That's more than half!!
 * The deeper you go down in the south, the greater the population
 * How did these expansions happen?**
 * -War**
 * -Treaties/Purchases**
 * -Manifest Destiny**
 * -Immigration**
 * -Desires for Gold, Land, Buisnesses, etc.**

Manifest Destiny The United States of America's fate to control all of the land within their area.

Why did God think that the United States were the chosen people to control the land?
 * From the Atlantic to the Pacific

Not all people believed that God wanted it, they just thought the deserved it b/c they were special.
 * They thought they were better because:
 * Democracy (They think that this government that they setup is the right way to do things; Special, just and righteous)
 * Culture (Religion, Technology, Civilization in general)
 * -White Supremecy?**

media type="custom" key="7623187"

﻿Background Information of the Civil War
Johnny **- It was worth it b/c three amendments came out of it and the nations slowly "peaced back together."** Catherine **- If you look at the BIG picture, long term effects outnumbered the short term effects.** Slavery was ended, but the lives of African Americans did not improve for a long time.**
 * __Land Expansions__
 * M.O Compromise
 * Compromise of 1850
 * Mexican-American War
 * Kansas-Nebraska Act
 * Gadsden Purchase
 * James K. Polk Elected (1844)
 * James Buchanan Elected President (1856)
 * Supreme Court decision on the Dred Scott case (1857)
 * __Slavery__